François Gaascht, PhD

I pick mushrooms, grow them, (eat them sometimes), and use them to solve current problems and future challenges.

François Gaascht, PhD

Francois Gaascht holding a giant puffball

Hello,

I am François, I can usually be found one foot in the field collecting Mushrooms to add more specimens to my own field-to-laboratory Basidiomycota strain library, such as this big 3kg giant puffball (Calvatia gigantea) and one foot in the laboratory running some exciting experiments investigating and valorizing Fungi from my biobank by discovering bioactive natural products and biocatalysts.

I am currently Research Associate and Laboratory Manager in Claudia Schmidt-Dannert Laboratory at the BioTechnology Institute (University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA). My research focuses on the construction of a field-collected Basidiomycota strains library and its screening for discovery and expression of gene clusters and biocatalysts for industrial applications. I use bioinformatics approaches to mine the genome of unsequenced Fungi I collected and discover new genes clusters and genes of economic interest that I clone for heterologous expression in different microbial chassis (Bacteria or Yeasts).

I am particulary interested in how mushrooms can be used to solve current problems and future challenges, such as discovery of new therapeutics (antibiotics, anticancer, antimalaria, antiviral agents...), bioremediation, biofuel production, textile industry, biomaterial and space exploration.

I am always happy to connect with people and share my ideas and my expertise, do not hesitate to connect with me by email or social media.

Education

  • PhD Doctor Europaeus in Health and Life Sciences (University of Lorraine, France)
  • M.Sc. in Molecular and Structural Biology (University of Strasbourg, France)
  • B.Sc. in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (University of Strasbourg, France)

Experience

  • Research Associate - Laboratory Manager (University of Minnesota, USA), 2022 - Current
  • Postdoctoral Research Associate (University of Minnesota, USA), 2016 - 2021
  • Chemist in Natural Product Chemistry (Fundación MEDINA, Spain), 2014 - 2015
  • PhD Student - Early Stage Researcher (ESR) in MSCA (Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions) RedCat Innovative Training Network (ITN) (Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Luxembourg), 2009 - 2013

My expertise

My Research Interests

  • Discovery and identification of bioactive natural products for therapeutic applications.
  • Genome mining of unique Basidiomycota strains and identification of new biocatalysts.
  • Expression of fungal biocatalysts for industrial and biotechnological applications.
  • Non-model strain engineering and optimization.

From the Fungi to the biomolecules...

Fungi Collection & Identification

Over the past 6 years, I have developped a good expertise in collect of Fungi, mainly Basidiomycota, their establishement into microbial cultures and identification by DNA barcoding using appropriate primers. By exploring different biotopes and environements in Minnesota (USA), I created a unique Basidiomycota strain library including more than 50 specimens whose several species with different strains from various locations.

  • Collect of living specimens (Basidiomycota, Streptomyces).
  • Establishement of microbial cultures.
  • Identification (species and strain level) by DNA barcoding from fruiting body, liquid or solid culture.
  • Creation of a field-to-laboratory Basidiomycota strain biobank (> 50 strains).

Natural Products Chemistry

My work and interest in natural products discovery have driven me to acquire good skills in isolation and identification of bioactive secondary metabolites from microbial cultures.

  • Fermentation from 96-deep well plates format (1.2 mL) to large flasks (2L).
  • Preparation of extracts from microbial fermentations.
  • Development of methods by analytical HPLC.
  • Detection, quantification and monitoring of secondary metabolites (HPLC, LC-MS).
  • Isolation of compounds by liquid - liquid, solid phase extraction, Flash chromatography and (semi-) preparative HPLC.
  • Structure elucidation from high-resolution MS (mass spectrometry) and 1D/2D NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) data (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC, HMBC).
  • Discovery and identification of volatile natural products (terpenes) from fungal fermentations by GC-MS.

Screening | Cell Biology

I started my scientific career as cancer biologist and have since gained intensive experience in discovery and characterization of natural products from various origins (plant, hemi-synthetic, marine fungi) such as anticancer or antimicrobial agents.

  • Human cancer cell culture (adherent and suspensions cancer cell lines).
  • Development of protocols and bioassays for large screening.
  • Optimization and miniaturization of protocols (96 well plates).
  • Cytotoxicity assays (manual methods and commercial kits) for anticancer activity discovery and identification of cell death mechanisms.
  • Screening of fungal fermentations for enzymatic activity (lignocellulolytic, laccase, peroxidase activities).
  • Quantitative Realt-Time PCR.
  • Flow cytometry.
  • Fluorescent microscopy.
  • SDS-PAGE and Western-Blotting.

Synthetic Biology

After mining the genome of several speciems from my Basidiomycota fungal strain library for isolation of genes of interest, I have acquired a strong exertise in isolation, cloning and expression of genes of industrial and economic interest in appropriate heterologous hosts.

  • DNA/RNA isolation from fungal cultures.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (Touchdown PCR, Gradient PCR, Colony PCR, Multiplex PCR, 2-step PCR).
  • Isolation of genes of interest from unsequenced and unique Fungi.
  • Sequence design, DNA assembly and plasmid creation.
  • Molecular cloning (restriction enzyme-free) of large and/or multiple fragments and Gibson assembly.
  • Development, optimization and simplification of complex protocols and SOPs.
  • Yeast homologous recombination.
  • Consitutive or inducible expression of intracellular or secreted proteins and biocatalysts.
  • Expression in appropriate model and non-model Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, Deinococcus radiodurans, Bacillus subtilis strains and yeast Pichia pastoris.
  • Strain engineering - metabolic pathway engineering.

Bioinformatics

The different research projects in molecular biology and biochemistry I have been working on lead me develop strong bioinformatics and computational biology skills covering different aspect, such as:

  • Blast and sequence alignment.
  • Phylogenetic analyzis.
  • Genome mining, identification and description of biosynthetic gene clusters.
  • Gene prediction for Basidiomycota phyllum.
  • Python 3 programming and BioPython library.
  • Protein structure modeling and prediction (Pymol, SWISS-MODEL, AlphaFold).
  • Experience with various software (Aliview, CLC Genomics Workbench, Jalview, MEGA, SnapGene, UGENE).
  • Experience on Linux (Ubuntu).

Coding | Programming

I recently decided to learn and develop coding and programming skills in R, Python 3, HTML5 and CSS3 languages. Using online resources, my objective was to develop new skills that would help to automate reccuring tasks, solve complex profesional challenges, manage and visualize large sets of data and generate high-quality figures.

R programming language (R Studio)

  • Data management and analyzis of large datasets.
  • Data visualization (plots, gene clusters,...) and design of high-quality figures for publications and presentations.

Python 3 programming language

  • Creation and development of smart Python 3 scripts and programs to solve challenging and complex problems and automate time-consuming worklows and multi-steps tasks (extraction of large data sets from files or online resources and websites, management and analysis of large data sets) for biotechnology research projects.

Python 3 scripts and programms I completed and on which I am currently working on have been deposited on my personal GitHub profile page.

HTML5 - CSS3 - Bootstrap 5

  • Design of this responsive website from scratch using HTML5 and CSS3 languages.

Fungi Collection & Identification

Over the past 7 years, I have developped a good expertise in collect of Fungi, mainly Basidiomycota, their establishement into microbial cultures and identification by DNA barcoding using appropriate primers. By exploring different biotopes and environements in Minnesota (USA), I created a unique Basidiomycota strain library including more than 50 specimens whose several species with different strains from various locations.

  • Collect of living specimens (Basidiomycota, Streptomyces).
  • Establishement of microbial cultures.
  • Identification (species and strain level) by DNA barcoding from fruiting body, liquid or solid culture.
  • Creation of a field-to-laboratory Basidiomycota strain biobank (> 50 strains).

Natural Products Chemistry

My work and interest in natural products discovery have driven me to acquire good skills in isolation and identification of bioactive secondary metabolites from microbial cultures.

  • Fermentation from 96-deep well plates format (1.2 mL) to large flasks (2L).
  • Preparation of extracts from microbial fermentations.
  • Development of methods by analytical HPLC.
  • Detection, quantification and monitoring of secondary metabolites.
  • Isolation of compounds by liquid - liquid, solid phase extraction, Flash chromatography and (semi-) preparative HPLC.
  • Structure elucidation from high-resolution MS (mass spectrometry) and 1D/2D NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) data.
  • Discovery of volatile natural products (terpenes) from fungal fermentations by GC-MS.
96-well plate with bioassay screening

Screening | Cell Biology

I started my scientific career as cancer biologist and has gained intensive experience in discovery and characterization of natural products from various origins (plant, hemi-synthetic, marine fungi) as anticancer agents.

  • Human cancer cell culture (adherent and suspensions cancer cell lines).
  • Development of protocols and bioassays for large screening.
  • Optimization and miniaturization of protocols (96 well plates).
  • Cytotoxicity assays (manual and commercial kits) for anticancer activity discovery and identification of cell death mechanisms.
  • Screening of fungal fermentations for enzymatic activity (lignocellulolytic, laccase, peroxidase activities).
  • qPCR.
  • Flow cytometry.
  • Fluorescent microscopy.
  • Western Blotting.

Synthetic Biology

After mining the genome of several speciems from my Basidiomycota fungal strain library for isolation of genes of interest, I have acquired a strong exertise in isolation, cloning and expression of genes of industrial and economic interest in appropriate heterologous hosts.

  • DNA/RNA isolation from fungal cultures.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (Touchdown PCR, Gradient PCR, Colony PCR, Multiplex PCR, 2-step PCR).
  • Isolation of genes of interest from unsequenced and unique Fungi.
  • Sequence design, DNA assembly and plasmid creation.
  • Molecular cloning (restriction enzyme-free) of large and/or multiple fragments and Gibson assembly.
  • Development, optimization and simplification of complex protocols and SOPs.
  • Yeast homologous recombination.
  • Consitutive or inducible expression of intracellular or secreted proteins and biocatalysts.
  • Expression in appropriate model and non-model organisms Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, Deinococcus radiodurans, Bacillus subtilis strains and yeast Pichia pastoris.
  • Strain engineering - metabolic pathway engineering.
Protein sequence alignement

Bioinformatics

The different research projects in molecular biology and biochemistry I have been working on lead me develop strong bioinformatics and computational biology skills covering different aspect, such as:

  • Blast and sequence alignment.
  • Phylogenetic analyzis.
  • Genome mining, identification and description of biosynthetic gene clusters.
  • Gene prediction for Basidiomycota phyllum.
  • Python 3 programming and BioPython library.
  • Protein structure modeling and prediction (Pymol, SWISS-MODEL, AlphaFold).
  • Experience with various software (Aliview, CLC Genomics Workbench, Jalview, MEGA, SnapGene, UGENE).
  • Experience on Linux (Ubuntu).

Coding | Programming

I recently decided to learn and develop coding and programming skills for R, Python 3, HTML 5 and CSS 3 languages. Using online ressources, my objective was to develop new skills that would help to automate reccuring tasks, solve complex profesional challenges, manage and visualize large sets of data and generate high-quality figures.

R programming language (R Studio)

  • Data management and analyzis of large datasets.
  • Data visualization (plots, gene clusters,...).
  • Design of high-quality figures for publications and presentation.

Python 3 programming language

  • Creation and development of Python 3 scripts and programs for extraction of large data sets from files or from online resources and websites, management and analysis of large data sets.
  • Development of smart scripts and novel algorithms to solve challenging and complex problems and automate time-consuming worklows and multi-steps tasks for biotechnology research projects.

Python 3 scripts and programms I completed and on which I am currently working on have been deposited on my personal GitHub profile page.

HTML5 - CSS3

  • Design of this responsive website from scratch using HTML5 and CSS3 languages.
Screenshot with Python 3 code
0

Basidiomycota strains isolated

0

Cloning reactions

0

Mentees
(UG - PhD Students)

0

Fungi-themed clothing

Soft skills

Team Worker

Problem Solver

Self-Learner

Effective Communicator

Work Ethic

Innovator

Organized

Attention to Detail

My Research

Development and engineering of a Basidiomycota yeast as chassis for heterologous expression of genes and genes clusters isolated from an unsequenced field-to-lab Fungi Basidiomycota strain library.

Fungi, including Basidiomycota have been used for centuries by humans as food but also for their therapeutic properties by traditional medicines (1). Recent discoveries have highlited and confirmed the presence of unique and new bioactive natural products that are currently under investigation for the development of the next-generation therapeutics (anticancer drugs, antibiotics,...) and unique biocatalysts with specific and various activities that would bring eco-friendly solutions to solve current problems and future challegens (green chemistry, bioremediation, space exploration,...) (2, 3).

One of the reasons of the biosynthesis of diverse and unique biomolecules by Fungi might be explained by a long genetic diversity initiated 1 billion years ago (4). Moreover, fungal genetics is highly dynamic and takes an important part in the biodiversity of the fungus kingdom, even at the intra-species level. Thus, recent observations have noticed that fungi specimens from the same species but different strains collected in the same areas have a differential metabolome, resulting by the production of various natural products and biocatalysts, making each fungal strain unique in term of secondary metabolites and biocatalysts produced (5).

However, the other side of the coin of the dynamic fungal genetic is also what makes Fungi difficult to work with. In addition to being difficult or impossible to grow under laboratory conditions, a slow growth resulting by a limited biological material and biomolecules of interest, Fungi have evolved differently from other living organisms and have developed their own complex genetics organization and regulation (RNA splicing, epigenetics), as well their own specific post-translational modifications (PTMs) (6).

Despite several heterologous host systems (Insect, Bacteria, Ascomycota, Yeast), the number of Basidiomycota chassis engineered for biosynthesis of bioactive natural products and biocatalysts is currently very limited (Agaricus bisporius, Coprinus cinereus, Armillaria mellea) and they have multiple limitations (different codon usage, slow groth, time-consumming protocol) (7).

Therefore, I am currently working on the development of a Basidiomycota yeast chassis for expression of genes of interest and biosynthetic gene clusters:

  • Development of an easy-to-transform robust Basidiomycota yeast chassis:
    • Design and construction of a plasmid library for inducible or constitutive expression of genes of interest.
    • Development and optimization of an efficient, easy, fast and low-cost transformation protocol.
  • Engineering of the Basidiomycota yeast strain for easy-cloning :
    • Cloning of markers and selection by Cre-Lox system.
    • Specific and targeted genome editing by CRISPR technology.
    • Knock-out/Knock-in of genes by CRISPR/Cas9 technology to alleviate bottlenecks and improve biosynthetis and expression of molecules of interest.
  • Evaluation of the engineered Basidiomycota yeast strain for heterologous expression:
    • Cloning and expression of single genes of interest (laccases, terpene synthases, sesquiterpene synthases, unspecific peroxygenases...).
    • Cloning and expression of selected biosynthetic gene clusters from Basidiomycota using CRISPR/Cas9 system.
    • Activation of silenced biosynthetic gene clusters by CRISPRa technology.

Publications

For a full list of my publications, please visit my Google Scholar profile.

Molecular Identification and Antimicrobial Activity of Foliar Endophytic Fungi on the Brazilian Pepper Tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) Reveal New Species of Diaporthe

Germana D Dos Santos, Renata R Gomes, Rosana Gonçalves, Gheniffer Fornari, Beatriz HLNS Maia, Claudia Schmidt-Dannert, François Gaascht, Chirlei Glienke, Gabriela X Schneider, Israella R Colombo, Juliana Degenhardt-Goldbach, João LM Pietsch, Magda CV Costa-Ribeiro, Vania A Vicente

Current Microbiology 78.8 (2021): 3218-3229.

DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02582-x

Discovery of Antifungal and Biofilm Preventative Compounds from Mycelial Cultures of a Unique North American Hericium sp. Fungus

Xun Song, François Gaascht, Claudia Schmidt-Dannert, Christine E. Salomon

Molecules 25.4 (2020): 963.

DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040963

Molecular Identification and Antimicrobial Activity of Foliar Endophytic Fungi on the Brazilian Pepper Tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) Reveal New Species of Diaporthe

Weaam Ebrahim, Amal Hassan Aly, Victor Wray, Attila Mándi, Marie Hélène Teiten, François Gaascht, Barbora Orlikova, Matthias U Kassack, Wenhan Lin, Marc Diederich, Tibor Kurtan, Abdessamad Debbab, Peter Proksch

Journal of medicinal chemistry 56.7 (2013): 2991-2999.

DOI: 10.1021/jm400034b

News & In the Media

News & Events

Minnesota State Fair 2024

I had the incredible opportunity to attend the Minnesota State Fair with my colleagues to present our research on biofilm engineering for bioremediation and biomining of rare earth elements (projects funded by the National Science Foundation) and to survey visitors about their perceptions of novel biotechnologies.

Date: August 29, 2024

Location: Minnesota State Fair - University of Minnesota Driven to Discover Building (Falcon Heights, MN, USA)

1-Day Symposium - Fungi: A Global Nexus for Cross-Kingdom Interactions

I attended the symposium "Fungi: A Global Nexus for Cross-Kingdom Interactions" (Website) organized by the Department of Plant Pathology (University of Minnesota) and I had the opportunity to present my recent work on my Basidiomycota Fungi research project.

Date: September 15, 2023

Location: University of Minnesota - Cargill Building (Saint Paul, MN, USA)

Society for Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology - Annual Conference

I was awarded a BTI (BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, USA) Travel Grant and I attended the SIMB (Society for Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology) Annual Conference (Website) in Minneapolis (Minnesota, USA) and I had the opportunity to present my recent work on strain engineering of the radiation resistant microorganism Deinococcus radiodurans.

Date: July 30 - August 2, 2023

Location: Hyatt Regency Hotel (Minneapolis, MN, USA)

The 1st North America-Japan Enzyme Technology Symposium

I attended the 1st North America-Japan Enzyme Technology Symposium (Website) organized by Amano and the BioTechnology Institute (University of Minnesota, MN, USA) and I presented a poster about my work on the Basidiomycota project.

Date: May 5, 2023

Location: The University of Minnesota - McNamara Alumni Center (Minneapolis, MN USA.)

Lab visit by the CORE Scholars

Visit of the Schmidt-Dannert Laboratory by a group of students and parents of the Community Outreach Retention and Engagement (CORE) Program. I had the opportunity to show some microbial cultures, including some Fungi I collected to the CORE Scholars and their families.

To know more about the CORE Program Website

Date: March 18, 2023

Location: Schmidt-Dannert Laboratory (Saint-Paul, MN USA.)

BioTechnology Institute - Summer Photo Contest

Two of my pictures were awarded during the Summer Biotechnology Institute Photo Contest.

Top: Colleague working on biological samples.

Bottom: Petri dish with LB medium was exposed during 1 minute under a tree in front of Gortner Laboratory (Minnesota, USA) and incubated for 72 hours at 30°C.

Date: November 10, 2022

Location: BioTechnology Institute - Gortner Laboratory of Biochemistry (Saint-Paul, MN USA.)

Press

Principles and Applications of Soil Microbiology

My culture of mycelium (Coprinopsis strossmayeri) on malt extract agar was used in Chapter 6 - Fungi (Figure 6.3) to illustrate the pattern of growth of Fungi mycelium.

2021

read

Il y a tellement de choses à visiter au Luxembourg

Article published by Paperjam.lu, a Luxembourg-based media about my expatriation and my life vision from Minnesota.

August 2019

read

The best ambassador for Luxembourg… can be anyone

Article published by Delano Magazine, an independant Luxembourg-based media when I was elected as one of the 100 personalities who illuminate Luxembourg's brand image abroad and contribute positively to Luxembourg's international reputation.

November 2017

read

BIO INSPIRED

One of my mushroom (Polyporus squamosus) culture was selected for cover of BIO INSPIRED, a publication for alumni, donors and friends of the College of Biosciences at the University of Minnesota (USA).

Spring 2017

read

Mushrooms: The Pharmaceuticals of the Future

Article published by the College of Biological Science - University of Minnesota about my Fungi research project at the BioTechnology Institute.

April 2017

read

Contact Me

I am always happy to connect with people to exchange ideas, share my expertise and help you with your next challenging projects, so feel free to connect with me by email or through social media.